Smartphone usage duration is not associated with increased pain or proprioception deficit in young adults with chronic mechanical low back pain: a cross-sectional study

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy

Table 2 Pain severity as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) score

VAS score	Mean ± SD	P value	95% CI	Difference between the two tested durations
VAS score	Mean ± SD	P value	95% CI	P value, 95% CI
10-min (n = 58)
	Baseline	1.48 ± 1.77	< 0.001^a	0.44–1.06	.42^b (− 0.30–0.72)
	Post-task	2.23 ± 2.03
	Change magnitude	0.75 ± 1.17
30-min (n = 58)
	Baseline	1.91 ± 1.86	< .001 ^a	0.45–1.46
	Post-task	2.87 ± 2.33
	Change magnitude	0.96 ± 1.93

CI confidence interval, VAS visual analog scale
^aChanges between baseline and post-task assessment for the tested task duration
^bComparison between the magnitude of pain change between the 10- and 30-min task duration