Table 2 Participant, diagnosis, intervention, comparators, duration, outcome measures, results
Study | Participant | Diagnosis | Intervention | Comparators | Duration | Outcome measures | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Rothman [19] | N = 10 (Exp. gp = 5, Cont.gp = 5) Age (years) 5–9 | Spastic diaplegic CP children | Breathing exercises 5–7 min/day | Bobath treatment approach | 8 weeks | VC FEV1 | -Significant improvement of VC mean = 0.46 L at p = 0.005 -Both groups showed no significant difference in the pretest and posttest values |
2-Hutzler et al. [20] | N = 46 (Exp.gp = 23, cont.gp = 23) Age (years) 5–7 | Spastic diaplegic, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, and ataxic CP children | Swimming session twice weekly + group physical activity once weekly (30 min duration) | Bobath physical therapy (4 day/week; 30 min duration) | 6 months | VC WOS | -Significant increase in mean value of VC = 35.8 at p = 0.009. -Significant increase in raw scores of WOS with mean value = 33.4 at p < 0.001 |
3-Lee et al. [21] | N = 22 (Exp.gp = 11, cont.gp = 11) Age (years) 6–12 | Spastic diaplegic, hemiplegic CP children | Feedback respiratory training (15 min) + conventional rehabilitation (30 min) with 10 min break in between 3 days/week | CPT (gross motor activities) 20 min, 3 days/ week | 4 weeks | Pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, PEF, VC, ERV, TV, IRV) | The experimental group showed significant increase in VC and FEV1 mean values (1.5, 1.4) respectively at p < 0.005 with no significant changes in other measures. |
4-Choi et al. [22] | N = 50 (Exp.gp = 25, cont.gp = 25) age (years) 8–15 | Spastic diaplegic, hemiplegic, quadriplegic, and triplegic CP children | ISE 10–15 breath/session 10 sessions daily + conventional rehabilitation + occupational therapy | CPT + occupational therapy 5 times/week | 4 weeks | -Pulmonary functions (FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC). -GMF -MPT | -The experimental group showed significant increase in FEV1 and FVC mean values (1.57, 2.15) respectively at p < 0.005. -Both groups showed no significant difference in the pretest and posttest values in GMF. -Significant increase in MPT mean value—12.13 at p = 0.001 |
5-Shin and Kim et al. [23] | N = 15 (Exp.gp = 8, Cont.gp = 7) Age (mean): Exp 9.25, Con.gp 9.57 | Spastic CP children | Upper extremity resistance exercise using thera band (20–30 min/session) + NDT (30 min 2 session/week) | NDT (30 min 2 session/week) | 8 weeks | -Pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, PEF) -Respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP) -Grip strength | -Significant improvement in FVC, FEV1, PEF, and MIP with mean values 0.09, 0.17, 0.46, and 1.88, respectively group with no statistical difference between both groups -Grip strength and MEP significantly improved in Exp.gp with mean value (0.82, 6) respectively at p < 0.005 |
6-Keles et al. [24] | N = 28 (Exp.gp = 14, Cont.gp = 14) Age (years) 7–14 | Spastic diaplegic, hemiplegic CP children | Inspiratory muscle training at 30% MIP (twice daily; 15 min) + CPT (40 min/day, 3 days/week) + home program of breathing exercises | Inspiratory muscle training at 5% MIP (15 min twice daily) + CPT (40 min/day, 3 days/week) + home program of breathing exercises | 6 weeks | -Pulmonary functions (FEV1, FVC, FEF, PEF, MIP, MIP%, MEP, MIP%) -Trunk control -Daily living activities -Functional exercise capacity -Quality of life | -No significant difference in pulmonary functions between both groups p > 0.005. -Significant improvements in MIP mean value = 28.66 at p < 0.001 -Significant improvement in trunk control of study group mean value = 4.50 (p < 0.001) -Significant improvement in self-care (2.28, p = 0.007), mobility (3.39, p = 0.001), and social function (2.56) domains in study group only and no significant difference bet. 2 groups in other domains in PEDI-CAS subscale scores -Significant improvement in distance covered during 6MWT in study group only (66.38, p < 0.001) -Significant improvement in social well-being and acceptance (10.44, p < 0.001) and functioning domain (3.59, p = 0.004) scores in study group only, no significant difference bet. groups in other domains of CPQOL-Child |
7-Kwon and Kim [25] | N = 34 (Exp.gp = 17, Cont.gp = 17) Age (years) 4–12 | Spastic CP children | Task-specific movement patterns with loaded resistance (40 min twice/week) + ROM and stretching exercise (5–10 min) | Task-specific movement patterns without loaded resistance (40 min twice/week) + ROM and stretching exercise (5–10 min) | 12 weeks | -Respiratory functions (FVC, FEV1, PEF) -Thickness of abdominal muscles | -Significant improvement in mean values of FVC (1.72), FEV1 (1.69), PEF(1.69) at p < 0.05 in Exp. group -Significant improvement in abdominal muscle thickness (p < 0.05) in Exp. group |
8-Kanna and Balabaskar [26] | N = 30 (Exp.gp = 15, Cont.gp = 15) Age (years) 6–14 | Spastic quadriplegic CP children | Respiratory exercises along with NDT for 45 min (30 min and 15 min), 5 days in a week | NDT for 45 min, 5 days in a week | 6 weeks | Pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio PEF) | Significant improvement in mean values of FVC (1.65 + 0.98), FEV1 (1.28 + 0.84), PEF (2.32 + 1.23), and FEV1/FVC (80.63 + 16.80) in experimental group (p < 0.05) |