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Table 3 Comparisons between Mean (SD) of the PPT of GM and QL muscles and lumbar range of motion for group A and group B before and after treatment

From: Effectiveness of polarized polychromatic light therapy on myofascial trigger points in chronic non-specific low back pain: a single blinded randomized controlled trial

Variable

Group

Baseline values (mean±SD)

Post-intervention (mean±SD)

P (inter-group)

95% CI

Cohen’ d

PPT (kg/cm2)

 

Rt GM

Group A

1.9 ± .92

3.2 ± .65**

.165

− .141–.802

0.4

Group B

2.1 ± .91

2.9 ± .84**

Lt GM

Group A

2.3 ± .87

3.3 ± .71**

< 0.001*

.512–1.43

1.23

Group B

1.9 ± .82

2.4 ± .76**

Rt QL

Group A

2.2 ± .88

3.3 ± .98**

.008*

.239–1.53

0.9

Group B

2.1 ± 1.01

2.4 ± 1.08**

Lt QL

Group A

2.3 ± 1.06

3.7 ± .83**

< 0.001*

.832–1.95

1.56

Group B

2.1 ± .93

2.3 ± .95**

Lumbar Flexion (cm)

 

Group A

6.6 ± 1.37

7.7 ± .75**

.033

.049–1.09

0.7

Group B

6.07 ± .93

7.1 ± .91**

Lumbar Extension (cm)

 

Group A

3.28 ± .83

4.76 ± .75**

.373

− .266–.695

0.26

Group B

3.26 ± .73

4.54 ± .78**

Side bending°

Rt side

Group A

31.9 ± 7.1

36.4 ± 5.2**

.571

− 2.41–4.32

0.16

Group B

28.5 ± 6.7

35.5 ± 5.5**

Lt side

Group A

32.3 ± 6.8

36.7 ± 4.8**

.366

− 1.78–4.73

0.29

Group B

28.7 ± 7.2

35.2 ± 5.5**

Rotation (cm)

Rt side

Group A

6.9 ± 2.2

8.4 ± 2.1**

.726

− 1.12–7.86

0.13

Group B

5.3 ± 2.2

7.9 ± 2**

Lt side

Group A

7 ± 2.1

8.5 ± 2**

.809

− .449–2.06

0.41

Group B

5.9 ± 2.2

7.7 ± 1.9**

  1. CI confidence interval, PPT pressure pain threshold, GM gluteus medius, QL quadratus lamborum, Cohen’ d effect size, Group A linear polarized polychromatic light therapy, Group B sham linear polarized polychromatic light therapy, SD Standard Deviation
  2. *Significantly different between the group A and group B at p < 0.01
  3. **Significantly different between pre- and post-intervention within each group at p < 0.01
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