Consumption of foods | Premenstrual syndrome | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild (N = 16) | Moderate (N = 60) | Severe (N = 24) | χ2 value | p-value | ||
Consumption of foods made from grains as rice, bread, pasta, and noodles | One-two times per day | 11 (68.8%) | 33 (55%) | 10 (41.7%) | 4.167 | 0.641 |
Two-four times per month | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 5 (31.3%) | 19 (31.7%) | 11 (45.8%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Consumption of tubers as white roots (white radish), sweet potatoes, and potatoes | One-two times per day | 4 (25%) | 1 (1.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 13.131 | 0.03* |
Two-four times per month | 2 (12.5%) | 17 (28.3%) | 10 (41.7%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 4 (25%) | 20 (33.3%) | 5 (20.8%) | |||
No | 6 (37.5%) | 22 (36.7%) | 6 (25%) | |||
Consumption of pulses (beans, peas, hummus, and lentils) | One-two times per day | 3 (18.8%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (8.3%) | 7.649 | 0.219 |
Two-four times per month | 11 (68.8%) | 25 (41.7%) | 11 (45.8%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 2 (12.5%) | 26 (43.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 3 (5%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Consumption of nuts and seeds | One-two times per day | 2 (12.5%) | 5 (8.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 4.307 | 0.644 |
Two-four times per month | 11 (68.8%) | 33 (55%) | 14 (58.3%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 1 (6.3%) | 13 (21.7%) | 7 (29.2%) | |||
No | 2 (12.5%) | 9 (15%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Consumption of dairy products as milk, cheese, yogurt | One-two times per day | 10 (62.5%) | 33 (55%) | 11 (45.8%) | 6.831 | 0.270 |
Two-four times per month | 1 (6.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 5 (31.3%) | 18 (30%) | 12 (50%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 7 (11.7%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Consumption of organ meat like liver, heart, and kidney | One-two times per day | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 8.065 | 0.165 |
Two-four times per month | 11 (68.8%) | 36 (60%) | 13 (54.2%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
No | 2 (12.5%) | 21 (35%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
Consumption of meat | One-two times per day | 7 (43.8%) | 24 (40%) | 4 (16.7%) | 7.148 | 0.246 |
Two-four times per month | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (5%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 7 (43.8%) | 31 (51.7%) | 16 (66.7%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
Consumption of fish and seafood | One-two times per day | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | 15.070 | 0.008* |
Two-four times per month | 13 (81.3%) | 27 (45%) | 5 (20.8%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 3 (18.8%) | 26 (43.3%) | 16 (66.7%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 6 (10%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Consumption of eggs from poultry | One-two times per day | 4 (25%) | 17 (28.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | 7.218 | 0.282 |
Two-four times per month | 4 (25%) | 17 (28.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 8 (50%) | 21 (35%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 5 (8.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | |||
Consumption of dark green leafy vegetables | One-two times per day | 5 (31.3%) | 21 (35%) | 9 (37.5%) | 7.480 | 0.236 |
Two-four times per month | 2 (12.5%) | 9 (15%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 9 (56.3%) | 29 (48.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 4 (16.7%) | |||
Consumption of vitamin A-rich vegetables like pumpkin, carrots, and sweet potatoes | One-two times per day | 4 (25%) | 8 (13.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | 7.634 | 0.256 |
Two-four times per month | 7 (43.8%) | 21 (35%) | 6 (25%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 4 (25%) | 20 (33.3%) | 7 (29.2%) | |||
No | 1 (6.3%) | 11 (18.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
Consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits as mango and papaya | One-two times per day | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (12.5%) | 7.949 | 0.199 |
Two-four times per month | 10 (62.5%) | 34 (56.7%) | 12 (50%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 3 (18.8%) | 14 (23.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
No | 3 (18.8%) | 12 (20%) | 6 (25%) | |||
Consumption of other vegetables and fruits | One-two times per day | 7 (43.8%) | 22 (36.7%) | 9 (37.5%) | 6.179 | 0.377 |
Two-four times per month | 1 (6.3%) | 9 (15%) | 5 (20.8%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 5 (31.3%) | 27 (45%) | 9 (37.5%) | |||
No | 3 (18.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
Consumption of oils and fats or butter (oils from nuts, seeds, and all animal fat) | One-two times per day | 6 (37.5%) | 26 (43.3%) | 7 (29.2%) | 4.503 | 0.611 |
Two-four times per month | 3 (18.8%) | 5 (8.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 7 (43.8%) | 25 (41.7%) | 12 (50%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Consumption of fried snacks as chips and crisps | One-two times per day | 2 (12.5%) | 9 (15%) | 8 (33.3%) | 7.995 | 0.227 |
Two-four times per month | 5 (31.3%) | 10 (16.7%) | 1 (4.2%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 7 (43.8%) | 27 (45%) | 10 (41.7%) | |||
No | 2 (12.5%) | 14 (23.3%) | 5 (20.8%) | |||
Consumption of sweets like chocolate, cakes, candies, cookies, sweet biscuits, or ice cream | One-two times per day | 3 (18.8%) | 19 (31.7%) | 6 (25%) | 5.358 | 0.493 |
Two-four times per month | 5 (31.3%) | 12 (20%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 8 (50%) | 22 (36.7%) | 13 (54.2%) | |||
No | 0 (0%) | 7 (11.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Consumption of sweetened fruit juices, chocolate drinks, yogurt drinks, sweet tea, or coffee with sugar | One-two times per day | 2 (12.5%) | 19 (31.7%) | 6 (25%) | 5.517 | 0.479 |
Two-four times per month | 4 (25%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (8.3%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 7 (43.8%) | 21 (35%) | 12 (50%) | |||
No | 3 (18.8%) | 14 (23.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | |||
Consumption of pickles, olives, and similar | One-two times per day | 0 (0%) | 6 (10%) | 5 (20.8%) | 7.391 | 0.272 |
Two-four times per month | 5 (31.3%) | 13 (21.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 7 (43.8%) | 16 (26.7%) | 8 (33.3%) | |||
No | 4 (25%) | 25 (41.7%) | 8 (33.3%) | |||
Consumption of seasonings as chilies, spices, and herbs | One-two times per day | 0 (0%) | 11 (18.3%) | 0 (0%) | 11.874 | 0.051 |
Two-four times per month | 6 (37.5%) | 8 (13.3%) | 6 (25%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 6 (37.5%) | 22 (36.7%) | 12 (50%) | |||
No | 4 (25%) | 19 (31.7%) | 6 (25%) | |||
Consumption of tea or coffee if not sweetened | One-two times per day | 5 (31.3%) | 16 (26.7%) | 1 (4.2%) | 9.365 | 0.126 |
Two-four times per month | 1 (6.3%) | 3 (5%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
Two-four times per week | 3 (18.8%) | 12 (20%) | 3 (12.5%) | |||
No | 7 (43.8%) | 29 (48.3%) | 17 (70.8%) |