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Table 2 Mean ± SD VAS, ODI, and lumbar flexion ROM in the pre and post-test conditions for group A and group B, between and within groups MD and p-value, and percentage of change

From: Effects of 6 weeks of ankle stability exercises on pain, functional abilities, and flexibility in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

 

Group A (n = 30)

Mean ± SD

Group B (n = 30)

Mean ± SD

MD (95% CI)

Between subject p-value

VAS

Pre-test

7.76 ± 1.61

5 ± 2.18

7.9 ± 1.54

3.66 ± 1.47

 − 0.14 (− 0.94:0.68)

1.34 (0.37:2.29)

0.74

0.007*

Post-test

MD (95% CI)

2.76 (2.07:3.46)

4.24 (3.54:4.92)

-

Percentage of change

35.57

53.67

-

Within subject p-value

0.001*

0.001*

-

ODI (%)

Pre-test

49.56 ± 11.17

33.66 ± 11.66

50.96 ± 11.07 19.93 ± 9.45

 − 1.4 (− 7.15:4.35)

13.73 (8.24:19.22)

0.62

0.001*

Post-test

MD (95% CI)

15.9 (11.29:20.50)

31.03 (26.43:35.63)

-

Percentage of change

32.08

60.89

-

Within subject p-value

0.001*

0.001*

-

MMST for lumbar flexion ROM (cm)

Pre-test

19.31 ± 1.11

20.28 ± 1.03

19.21 ± 1.09

21.23 ± 1.03

0.1 (− 0.46:0.68)

 − 0.95 (− 1.47: − 0.42)

0.7

0.001*

Post-test

MD (95% CI)

 − 0.97 (− 1.33: − 0.61)

 − 2.02 (− 2.38: − 1.66)

-

Percentage of change

5.02

10.52

-

Within subject p-value

0.001*

0.001*

-

  1. SD Standard deviation, MD Mean difference, CI Confidence interval, p-value, level of significance, MMST Modified-Modified Schober test, ROM Range of motion
  2. *The significant level was set at p < 0.05