The effect of treadmill walk with abdominal bracing versus usual care on functional limitation and fear-avoidance behaviours in the management of non-specific low back pain—a randomized control study

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy

Table 3 Post hoc analysis of the effects of intervention on pain intensity, functional limitation and fear-avoidance among participants (LSD)

Post-intervention pain intensity
Groups		TWAB	TWW	UC
Groups	(Mean±SD)	35.0±25.49	24.17±16.49	47.50±23.40
TWAB	35.0±25.49	–		P=0.017*
TWW	24.17±16.49	P = 0.239	–
UC	47.50±23.40		P=0.014*	–
Post-intervention functional limitation
Groups		TWAB	TWW	UC
Groups	(Mean±SD)	13.9±6.61	7.00±5.97	27.3±13.72
TWAB	13.9±6.61	–		P=0.001*
TWW	7.00±5.97	P=0.82	–
UC	27.3±13.72		P=0.001*	–
Post-intervention fear-avoidance
Groups		TWAB	TWW	UC
Groups	(Mean±SD)	45.42±18.81	30.83±17.90	58.16±17.26
TWAB	45.42±18.81	–		P=0.009*
TWW	30.83±17.90	P=0.056*	–
UC	58.16 (17.26)		P=0.001*	–

GRP A treadmill walk with abdominal bracing, GRP B treadmill walk without abdominal bracing, GRP C usual care, SD standard deviation
*Significant