Table 3 Prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal pain in respect to work-associated risk factor
Variables | Shoulder | Elbow | Wrist/hand | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present n (%) | Absent n (%) | χ2 (p-value) | Present n (%) | Absent n (%) | χ2 (p-value) | Present n (%) | Absent n (%) | χ2 (p-value) | |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 35 (28.9) | 18 (14.9) | 10.21 (.002*) | 15 (12.4) | 38 (31.4) | 6.49 (.016*) | 29 (24.0) | 24 (19.4) | 15.144 (< .001*) |
Male | 25 (21.0) | 43 (35.5) | 7 (5.8) | 61 (50.4) | 14 (11.6) | 54 (44.6) | |||
Workplace before lockdown | |||||||||
Office | 52 (43.0) | 46 (38.0) | 2.49 (.164) | 16 (13.2) | 82 (67.7) | 1.19 (.366) | 58 (47.9) | 40 (33.0) | 6.27 (.015*) |
Home | 8 (6.6) | 15 (12.4) | 6 (4.5) | 17 (14.0) | 3 (2.5) | 20 (16.5) | |||
Working hours from home | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4 (3.3) | 42 (34.7) | 8.964 (.018*) | 2 (1.7) | 9 (7.4) | .179 (.914) | 6 (4.5) | 55 (45.4) | 2.031 (.362) |
6–8 h | 14 (11.6) | 12 (9.9) | 4 (3.3) | 22 (18.2) | 8 (6.6) | 5 (4.1) | |||
> 8 h | 42 (34.7) | 7 (5.8) | 16 (13.2) | 68 (56.2) | 29 (24.0) | 18 (14.9) | |||
Dedicated workspace | |||||||||
Yes | 27 (22.3) | 34 (28.1) | 1.39 (.277) | 10 (8.3) | 51 (42.5) | .264 (.644) | 18 (14.9) | 43 (35.5) | 11.952 (.007*) |
No | 33 (27.3) | 27 (22.3) | 12 (9.9) | 48 (39.7) | 35 (28.9) | 25 (21.0) | |||
Working posture | |||||||||
Half lying | 15 (12.4) | 17( 14.0) | 2.12 (.345) | 5 (4.1) | 27 (22.3) | 1.50 (.471) | 19 (15.7) | 13 (10.7) | 1.50 (.471) |
Sitting | 43 (35.5) | 44 (36.3) | 16 (13.2) | 71 (58.6) | 30 (24.8) | 57 (47.1) | |||
Lying | 2 (1.7) | 0 (00.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 2 (1.7) | |||
Regular breaks | |||||||||
Yes | 23 (19.0) | 20 (16.5) | .406 (.572) | 9 (7.4) | 34 (28.1) | .339 (.625) | 17 (14.0) | 26 (21.5) | .465 (.554) |
No | 41 (33.9) | 37 (30.6) | 13 (10.7) | 65 (53.7) | 52 (43.0) | 26 (21.5) | |||
Schedules of break | |||||||||
0 break | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.8) | 2.57 (.462) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (2.5) | 2.39 (.495) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (2.5) | 4.478 (.214) |
1 break | 24 (19.8) | 18 (14.9) | 9 (7.4) | 33 (27.3) | 19 (15.7) | 23 (19) | |||
2–5 break | 26 (21.5) | 35 (28.9) | 12 (9.9) | 49 (40.5) | 18 (14.9) | 43 (35.5) | |||
> 5 breaks | 8 (6.6) | 7 (5.8) | 1 (0.8) | 14 (11.6) | 6 (4.5) | 9 (7.4) | |||
Stay physically active | |||||||||
Yes | 2 5 (21.0) | 31 (25.6) | 1.38 (.276) | 10 (8.3) | 55 (45.4) | .739 (.480) | 22 (18.2) | 43 (35.5) | .175 (.707) |
No | 36 (29.7) | 29 (24.0) | 12 (9.9) | 44 (36.3) | 21 (17.4) | 35 (28.9) | |||
Stressed after being in one posture? | |||||||||
Yes | 37 (30.6) | 21 (17.4) | 13.70 (.001*) | 12 (9.9) | 46 (38.0) | 2.98 (.225) | 28 (23.1) | 30 (24.8) | 7.900 (.019*) |
No | 1 (0.8) | 11 (9.1) | 0 (0.00) | 12 (9.9) | 3 (2.5) | 9 (7.4) | |||
Sometimes | 22 (18.2) | 29 (24.0) | 10 (8.3) | 41 (33.9) | 12 (9.9) | 39 (32.2) | |||
Stress in eyes | |||||||||
Yes | 52 (43.0) | 28 (23.1) | 22.43 (< .001*) | 60 (49.6) | 7.611 (0.22) | 36 (29.7) | 44 (36.3) | 9.278 (.010*) | |
No | 2 (1.7) | 8 (6.6) | 1 (0.8) | 9 (7.4) | 2 (1.7) | 8 (6.6) | |||
Sometimes | 6 (4.5) | 25 (21.0) | 1 (0.8) | 30 (24.8) | 5 (4.1) | 26 (21.5) | |||
Mental stress due to work | |||||||||
Yes | 34 (28.1) | 14 (11.6) | 14.36 (< .001*) | 11 (9.1) | 37 (30.6) | 1.19 (.337) | 28 (23.1) | 20 (16.5) | 18.04 (< .001*) |
No | 26 (21.5) | 47 (38.8) | 11 (9.1) | 62 (52.0) | 15 (12.4) | 58 (47.9) | |||
Healthy work life balance? | |||||||||
Yes | 26 (21.5) | 35 (28.9) | 2.386 (.147) | 7 (5.8) | 54 (44.6) | 3.719 (.062) | 18 (14.9) | 43 (35.5) | 1.952 (.187) |
No | 34 (28.1) | 26 (21.5) | 15 (12.4) | 45 (37.2) | 25 (21.0) | 35 (28.9) | |||