Table 4 Most common TMDs intervention were used (n = 59)
TMDs intervention items | n (%) |
|---|---|
Therapeutic exercise strengthening | 49 (83%) |
Manual therapy | 46 (78%) |
Patient education | 33 (56%) |
Intra-oral joint mobilizations | 27 (46%) |
Electrophysical modalities | 23 (39%) |
Reeducation of jaw movements | 22 (37%) |
Deep friction massage | 19 (32%) |
Eating methods (e.g., mastication alternating bilaterally, choosing soft food, avoiding tough meat, cutting an apple) | 18 (31%) |
Acupuncture | 14 (24%) |
Coordination | 10 (17%) |
Taping | 10 (17%) |
PNF–proprioceptive neuromuscular function | 5 (8%) |
Craniosacral therapy and HVLA to cervical spine | 3 (4%) |
Osteopathic | 2 (3%) |
Ultrasound | 1 (2%) |