Table 2 Description about intervention group characteristics (duration, frequency, total sessions), outcome measure, evaluations, and result
From: Effects of Pilates on health and well-being of women: a systematic review
Author (year)/country | Intervention characterstics | Outcome measure | Evaluation | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kyounghwa Jung [4] (2020) Korea | Duration-50 min thrice a week for 12 weeks Total sessions-36 | •Body composition (height, weight, FFM, percent body fat, BMI, BMD, and BMC) •Blood pressure •Cardio metabolic markers (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, FFA, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β) •Endothelial function (FMD), hemorheological function (erythrocyte EI and AI) •Aerobic performance (VO2 max) | •Pre- and post-intervention | In comparison to the CON and NPTG, the HPTG significantly decreased erythrocyte deformability and aggregation, flow-mediated dilation, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (all p 0.05). In contrast to the CON and NPTG, the HPTG did not demonstrate improvement in other metrics | |
Antonino Patti [7] (2016) Italy | Duration - Group 1–50 min thrice a week for 14 weeks Total sessions-42 | •Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) •Posturography | •Pre- and post-intervention | Patients in the EG showed improvements in posturography measurements with both open and closed eyes (P 0.05). Posturography in the CG showed no statistically significant changes. Over the course of the 14-week trial regimen, ODI considerably dropped in both groups. The EG experienced less discomfort to a larger extent | |
Tetiana Odynets [33] (2019) Ukraine | Duration-60 min thrice a week for 12 months Total session-144 | •FACT-B | •Baseline •After 6 and 12 months of intervention | An enormous improvement in participants' overall quality of life was noted. Yoga was more successful at enhancing social/family wellbeing than Pilates and yoga, while water exercise intervention was more successful at enhancing emotional wellbeing and reducing side effects related to breast cancer treatment | |
Suzy Araújo de Medeiros [34] (2020) Brazil | Duration - Group 1–50 min twice a week for 12 weeks Group 2–40 min twice a week for 12 weeks Total session-24 | •Primary–[VAS] •Secondary–[FIQ], [PSQI], [SF-36], [FABQ-BR], [PRCTS] | •Baseline •12 weeks after randomisation | Regarding pain and function, there was improvement in both groups (p 0.05). Only the mat Pilates group (p 0.05) demonstrated improvement in the FABQ questionnaire's elements of quality of life. Only the aquatic aerobic exercise group showed improvement in the PSQI and PRCTS measures (p 0.05), but no differences were seen between the groups for any of the examined variables | |
Sayyed-Mohammad Marandi [35] (2013) Iran | Duration - Group 1–1 h thrice a week for 12 weeks Group 2–1 h thrice a week for 12 weeks | •Muscle strength (Dynamometer) | •Pre- and post-intervention | In the experimental groups, there were substantial disparities between the scores for the patients’ non-dominant and dominant hands (P < 0.05). In multiple sclerosis sufferers, both Pilates and swimming training dramatically boost muscular strength | |
Luiza Rampi Pivotto [38] (2020) Brazil | Duration–50 min Twice per weeks with 2 days interval for 15 weeks Total session–30 | •BackPEI-A •Computerized photogrammetry •MFIQ | •Pre- and post-intervention | The Pilates-based exercise programme had no impact on the young women with TMD's posture, postural habits, or neck and back pain. After the intervention period, only for the intervention group, there was a reduction in the graduation of TMD severity | |
Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati [39] (2022) (Iran) | Duration-60 min thrice in a week for 8 weeks Total session-24 | •Body mass •Body mass index •Sit to stand test (for 30 s) •Sit and reach test static flexibility (ROM of hip flexion and hip extension) | •Pre- and post-intervention | As a result, all three groups exhibit appreciable growth as a result of exercise; nevertheless, there is no appreciable difference between the groups because no training approach is superior than another | |
Chae-Woo Lee [40] (2014) Korea | Duration - Group 1–50 min thrice a week for 8 weeks Group 2–50 min thrice a week for 8 weeks Total session-24 | •Pain •Sway length •Sway velocity | •Pre- and post-intervention | Significant reduction in pain, sway length, and sway velocity with Pilates mat work. Pain, sway length, and sway velocity all significantly decreased throughout the Pilates apparatus workout. Compare the groups: Pilates group shows exceptional improvement in pain, sway length, and sway velocity | |
Yasmin M. Abd El-Monim [41] (2019) Egypt | Duration–60 min Thrice in a week for 12 weeks Total session-36 | •HbA1c •Blood pressure •TC •LDL •HDL | •TG •TG/HDL •Waist hip ratio | •Pre- and post-intervention | The cardio metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients were improved by specially designed Pilates exercises. Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, blood pressure (systole and distole), and waist-hip ratio all showed highly significant changes following treatment |
Seyed Alireza Tavakoli Khormizi [42] (2017) Iran | Duration–60 min thrice in a week for 8 weeks Total session–24 | •Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) •HbA1c (%) •Weight (kg) •BMI (kg/cm2) | •Pre- and post-intervention | Pilates exercise lowers fasting blood sugar and HbA1c in 2 months; however, these individuals’ weight and BMI do not alter significantly. Pilates appears to help with type 2 diabetes management and improvement, the most prevalent chronic non-communicable illness in the world | |