Assessment of core endurance and shoulder proprioception in dental students with and without forward head posture

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy

Table 2 Comparison between core endurance and Isokinetic dynamometer proprioceptive tests in dental students with and without FHP

	Students with FHP Mean ± SD	Students without FHP Mean ± SD	p-Value	MD (95% CI)	Effect size Measures
	Students with FHP Mean ± SD	Students without FHP Mean ± SD	p-Value	MD (95% CI)	Cohen’s d	Glass’s details
Core endurance test (in seconds)
• Trunk anterior flexor	46 ± 23.2	74 ± 34.7	0.008*	28 (23.88 – 32.11)	0.84	1.20
• Trunk posterior extensor	41.6 ± 25.9	60.2 ± 21.8	0.004*	18.6 (17.13 – 20.06)	0.77	0.71
• Rt lateral musculature	23.7 ± 12.4	35.8 ± 8.7	0.008*	12.1 (10.77– 13.42)	1.29	0.97
• Lt lateral musculature	22.77 ± 14.07	37.3 ± 17.14	0.005*	14.6 (13.50 – 15.69)	0.92	1.03
Isokinetic dynamometer test (in degrees)	6.23 ± 2.52	5.98 ± 2.83	0.086	0.25 (0.33 – 0.56)	0.25	0.31

Data are illustrated as mean ± standard deviation, FHP forward head posture, MD mean difference, CI confidence interval
* p value > 0.05 means statistical significant difference