Table 2 Outcome measurement, interventions, and results of the articles
Author | Objectives | Participant | Inclusion criteria | Study design | Intervention | Duration | Tools | Impression | Journal name, country, & year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental | Control | ||||||||||
Dincer, Aribal, Saygin, Incedayi & Rodop [15] | To assess the effectiveness of CKEs on the joint cartilage in subjects with grade I–III knee OA | Total 35 patients EG = 19 CG = 16 | Subjects with grade I–III OA Age between 40 and 60 years ACRC criteria were enrolled | RCT | Experimental group (EG): CKCEs TENS Hot-pack | Control group (CG): TENS Hot-pack | 30-min exercise regimen weekly 5 sessions for a 12-week duration | VAS WOMAC MRI | Results displayed no great outcome of CKCE on the cartilage volume or morphology of the OA Knee | Turkey Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Turkey (2016) | |
Adegoke, Sanya, Ogunlade, & Olagbegi [16] | To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of OKCE and CKCE on pain, function, and ROM of patients with knee OA | Total 29 subjects OKCE = 15 CKCE = 14 | Both sexes of single or both OA knees Grade II based on the KLC system ACRC for classification of knee OA Age 38 years and above | RCT | OKCEs Quadriceps setting SLR Full-arc extension | CKCEs Quads setting Mini-squats Step-up & down Wall slides with a weight | 10 repetitions in each session for 8-week duration | VAS FIQ Half-circle universal Goniometer | Both chain exercise regimens have comparable impacts on pain, capacity, and ROM of OA knee | Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity Nigeria (2019) | |
Olagbegi, Adegoke & Odole [2] | To compare the effects of OKCEs, CKCEs, and CCEs on pain and physical function in OA knee | Total 79 participants OKCE = 26 CKCE = 26 CCE = 27 | Both sexes of single or both OA knees Grade II is based on the KLC system ACRC for classification of knee OA | RCT | OKCEs Quadriceps setting SLR, full-arc extension Cycling in the air | CKCEs Quadriceps setting Wall slides Step-up & down | CCEs: OKCEs + CKCEs | 3 times per week 12-week duration | VAS Scale IKHOAM scale | CKCEs are more fruitful than OKCEs for relieving pain during walking | Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Bangladesh (2016) |
Nahayatbin et.al. [17] | This study aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of Tai Chi and CKCEs on patients with knee OA | Total 48 patients CKCE = 16, TCE = 16 No Rx = 16 | Knee OA Age: 45–65 years Grades II–III based on the KLC system & grade III (Oxford scale) | RCT | CKCE: Standard physical therapy CKCE Static stretching | TCE: Standard physical therapy Tai Chi warm-up and cool-down and 6-form of the yang style of TCEs | No Rx: Standard physical therapy only | 12 sessions of exercises in 4 weeks | 6 MWT & KOOS Questionnaire | Both TCE and CKCE relieved pain, improved ADL, sports and recreational activity, and increased 6-min walking distance in patients with knee OA | IRCMJ Iran (2018) |
Olagbegi, Adegoke & Odole [12] | To investigate the effects of OKCE, CKCE & CCE on quads muscle power and thigh girdle in patients with OA knee | Total 96 participants OKCE = 32 CKCE = 32 CCE = 32 | Mild to moderate knee OA Both sexes of single or both OA knees Grade II based on the KLC system ACRC for classification of knee OA Crepitation & morning stiffness | RCT | OKCEs Quadriceps setting Cycling in the air SLR with weight Full-arc extension | CKCEs Quadriceps setting Wall slides with a weight Step up and down with the weight | CCEs: OKCEs + CKCEs | 10 repetitions per session 12-week duration | Cable tensiometer Tape measure | Each of the three therapy regimens is fruitful and demonstrates equivalent impacts on quads muscle power in knee OA | Archives of physiotherapy South Africa (2017) |
Özüdoğru & Gelecek [18] | To evaluate the effects of OKCE and CKCE on pain, physical function, muscular strength, and QOL in knee OA patients | Total 60 participants OKCE = 20 CKCE = 20 CG = 20 | Age range of 45 to 75 years Unilateral knee OA grades I–II At least 3 months with pain | RCT | OKCEs Four-way straight leg rises Concentric quadriceps Maximal knee extension | CKCEs Mini squat Sit to stand Anterior lunge and 3-side step-up exercise | CG Home exercise regimen through phone call | Exercised thrice weekly for 12 weeks duration | VAS WOMAC Isokinetic test SF-36 | Both groups are helpful in relieving knee pain and reducing stiffness and improving muscle power and CKCE is the safest for low-grade knee OA patients | Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira Brazil (2023) |